Effects of inorganic powders on occupational health and safety

Occupational diseases, particularly those affecting the respiratory system, represent a significant and persistent challenge in working life globally. Among the primary risk factors, exposure to airborne dust in occupational settings is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, yet its severe health impacts are often underestimated due to the long latency period of associated illnesses and an insufficient safety culture. This review study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inorganic dusts on the respiratory system and to synthesize current occupational health and safety (OHS) approaches. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and relevant legislation, this paper classifies various dusts based on their chemical origin and biological effects, detailing fibrogenic, toxic, carcinogenic, and allergic categories. It specifically examines the mechanisms and incurable outcomes of prevalent inorganic dust-related diseases, such as silicosis and asbestosis. The findings underscore that since most occupational respiratory illnesses have no effective cure, prevention through proactive dust control is paramount. This study concludes that enhancing OHS measures, establishing a robust safety culture, and implementing comprehensive, industry-specific employee training are essential strategies to mitigate exposure, prevent incurable diseases, and ensure a safer working environment.