1 Department of Chemical Pathology, Uniosun Teaching hospital Osogbo.
2 Humboldt Research Hub-Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
3 Positive Impact College, Ibadan.
4 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
5 Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife.
6 department of Biomedical Ethics CIS, Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha, Qatar.
7 Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 28(01), 093-104
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2025.28.1.3337
Received on 17 August 2025; revised on 25 September 2025; accepted on 30 September 2025
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a neutrophil-derived enzyme, plays a critical role in oxidative host defense and inflammatory modulation during HIV infection. While untreated HIV and early antiretroviral therapy (ART) phases are associated with increased MPO activity, its behavior under highly effective immunological control remains unclear.
This cross-sectional study enrolled 40 participants: 30 HIV-1–infected individuals (10 OFF-HAART, 10 ON-HAART, 10 AIDS progressors) and 10 HIV-negative controls. Socio-demographic, immunological, and biochemical parameters were assessed, and MPO activity was measured by dianisidine-H₂O₂ assay. Correlation and ROC analyses evaluated associations with HIV progression markers.
Age and gender significantly associated with HIV stage (p = 0.002 and p = 0.013, respectively), with AIDS progressors predominantly ≤30 years (60%) and male (80%). HAART duration was also significant (p = 0.011), but infection duration showed no difference (p = 0.653). Circulating MPO activity did not differ significantly across groups (p = 0.629), with slightly higher levels in HIV-negative controls (0.11 ± 0.02 U) versus OFF-HAART (0.08 ± 0.02 U), ON-HAART (0.08 ± 0.02 U), and AIDS progressors (0.07 ± 0.02 U). MPO activity inversely correlated with viral load (r = -0.413, p = 0.023), CD8 count (r = -0.335, p = 0.035), and WBC (r = -0.339, p = 0.032), but not CD4 count or IL-8. CD4 strongly correlated negatively with viral load (r = -0.562, p = 0.001) and positively with albumin (r = 0.609, p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed CD4 had the highest predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.895, p = 0.001), while MPO showed fair discrimination (AUC = 0.653, p = 0.180).
Despite significant immune perturbations in HIV-positive individuals, systemic MPO activity did not increase compared to controls, possibly reflecting tissue compartmentalization or sampling limitations. However, inverse correlations with viral load suggest a potential role for MPO in immunological control, warranting longitudinal and mechanistic studies.
Myeloperoxidase; HIV-1; Host immunological control; Disease progression; Innate immunity; Oxidative stress; Inflammation
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Tirimisiyu Alani Ogunola, Adesola Oyekunle Oyekale, Oyewale Thomas Oyediran, Julianah Damola. Morakinyo, Makinde Ronke Adunni, Abiodun Felix Omolade, Taiwo Paul Olagbe, Ogra Victor Ogra and Aminat Bukola Kehinde. Myeloperoxidase Activities Under Highly Effective Host Immunological Control of HIV-1 Disease Progression. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 28(01), 093-104. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.28.1.3337.
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