Role of 3D Printing in Agriculture and Food Industries: An Updated Review

3D printing, or additive manufacturing, involves creating three-dimensional objects layer by layer using various materials such as plastics, metals, and composites. In India, the application of 3D printing in agriculture has revolutionized the industry. The recent release of Apollo 350 SLS by Indian Institute or Science (IISC), Bengaluru, Karnataka State, India is not just a machine; it’s a game-changer for India’s polymer 3D printing industry. Apollo 350 SLS revolutionary 3D printer sets the stage for self-reliance and industrial transformation in India. Among the various innovations reshaping this industry, 3D printing stands out as a game-changer. 3D printing is a potential technology that can revolutionize the agriculture industry by impacting the design and performance of agricultural machinery, manufacture equipment and tools on-demand, water management, phenotyping, and pest control. 3D printing can offer cost reduction, availability, improvement, customization enhancement, and performance improvement for agricultural machinery, benefiting both farmers and consumers. On the other hand, 3D food printing also plays a beneficial role in food manufacturing. 3D food printing (3DFP) is a technology by which customized food items can be 'printed' layer by layer, as the nozzle releases the 'food ink' in a pre-programmed design. Foods can be digitally designed and physically prepared using the layer-by-layer deposition of food components, rewarding opportunities to deliver nutritionally personalized food. However, 3D printed food technology also faces challenges such as consumer acceptability, food safety and regulatory concerns. Possible adverse health effects due to over consumption or the ultra-processed nature of 3D printed foods are major potential pitfalls.