Evaluation of stocking program effectiveness in pond fisheries for recreational angling

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of stocking programs in pond-based fisheries for the purposes of recreational angling, considering ecological, biotechnical, and behavioral factors. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach combining theoretical frameworks from aquatic ecosystem ecology, the sociology of natural resource use, and digital monitoring technologies. Special attention is given to content analysis of recent international studies highlighting the dependence of stocked species' survival on environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, substrate structure, and mineralization. Comparative stocking scenarios are presented to demonstrate the impact of hydrological and chemical conditions on biomass dynamics and population stability. Angler behavioral responses to stocking including levels of support, trust, and willingness to participate in monitoring are analyzed. The importance of digital platforms and machine learning methods for predicting fishing pressure and adapting management decisions is substantiated. The article proposes a generalized model for evaluating stocking outcomes as a tool for sustainable water resource use, integrating biological, institutional, and behavioral variables. Particular attention is paid to the potential application of environmental DNA and experimental pond technologies to verify management approaches. The article will be of interest to fisheries professionals, ecologists, natural resource policymakers, and researchers studying behavioral aspects of recreational fisheries under conditions of climate change and increasing user pressure.