1 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
2 Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
3 Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
4 Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
5 Departement of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Jibla University for Medical and Health Science, Ibb, Yemen.
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 25(01), 001–008
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.1.4025
Received on 21 November 2024; revised on 28 December 2024; accepted on 30 December 2024
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is currently a significant global health concern and a leading cause of illness and death. The prevalence of diabetes in adults is estimated to have exceeded three hundred million and is projected to increase by 55% by 2035. The ketogenic diet has been confirmed to increase insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) sufferers.
Purpose: To explain the effect of a ketogenic diet on HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM and provide an overview of its correlation with dental caries.
Discussion: Carbohydrate restriction in the ketogenic diet triggers the mechanism of gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the liver and changes the pattern of energy supply to be based on ketone bodies. There is a significant relationship between the risk of dental caries and fasting blood glucose levels as well as HbA1c and salivary glucose. One study showed that T2DM sufferers who had HbA1c ≥ 8.0% had more dental caries than those who had HbA1c 7.0%–7.9%.
Conclusion: A reduction in HbA1c levels resulting from a ketogenic diet intervention may be linked to a lower risk of dental caries in patients with T2DM. However, additional studies are necessary to explore the direct impact of the ketogenic diet on the risk of dental caries in these patients.
T2DM; ketogenic diet; HbA1c; Dental caries; Good health and well being
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Anis Irmawati, Nida’ Al Khonsa, Aisyah Qonita Nurfitri, Fitriatuz Zakia, Noor Faizah Balqis and Ala’a Saif Alqhtani. The effect of the ketogenic diet on HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its correlation with dental caries. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 25(01), 001-008. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.1.4025
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