The role of cybersecurity regulation, policy, and compliance in strengthening IoT security and reducing consumer risks

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has transformed modern living, but it has also introduced complex cybersecurity challenges and heightened consumer risks. This study critically examines the role of cybersecurity regulations, policy frameworks, and compliance mechanisms in enhancing IoT security and safeguarding consumers. Through a comprehensive analysis of regulatory landscapes, including global standards such as the NIST Cybersecurity Framework and the EU Cybersecurity Act, alongside sector-specific guidelines, the research evaluates the effectiveness of existing policies in mitigating threats inherent within the IoT landscape. The findings reveal that while fragmented regulations have left critical gaps, jurisdictions with cohesive, enforceable policies demonstrate significantly lower incidents of IoT breaches. Moreover, the research identifies that mandatory compliance measures and stringent enforcement drive better security practices among manufacturers and service providers. However, voluntary frameworks without clear accountability tend to result in inconsistent adoption. The study further uncovers that consumer education, combined with policy-backed device certification schemes, substantially reduces end-user vulnerability. This paper concludes that a cohesive approach of combining standardized regulations, proactive compliance incentives, and heightened consumer awareness markedly strengthens IoT security posture and mitigates consumer risks. These insights offer actionable recommendations for policymakers, industry leaders, and cybersecurity practitioners aiming to fortify the rapidly evolving IoT landscape.