Determination the risk-factors of dental caries in patients with thyroid dysfunction at age 25-35

Tooth development and oral health are intricately regulated by endocrine factors, particularly thyroid hormones, which play a vital role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. These minerals are essential for enamel formation and resistance to demineralization. Thyroid dysfunction especially hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism has been associated with systemic metabolic disturbances, yet its direct impact on oral mineralization processes and dental caries in adults remains insufficiently studied. Studies have shown that patients with thyroid disorders have decreased calcium and phosphate concentrations in their saliva, which impairs tooth enamel's resistance to demineralization and subsequent decay. This research addresses that gap by investigating how thyroid hormone imbalances affect the biochemical and structural integrity of the oral environment in individuals aged 25–35 years.

The study involved 60 participants, including 30 patients with clinically diagnosed thyroid dysfunction and 30 healthy controls. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory assessment was conducted to evaluate the mineralization potential of saliva, its viscosity, flow rate, pH, and concentrations of calcium and inorganic phosphorus. Additionally, the study examined enamel resistance to caries, the prevalence and intensity of dental caries, and the crystallization patterns of saliva. These parameters were analyzed to determine how thyroid dysfunction alters the oral ecosystem and contributes to increased caries risk.

The findings are expected to demonstrate that thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, impairs saliva composition and mineralization capacity, leading to reduced enamel resistance and higher susceptibility to dental caries. By identifying these changes, the study aims to establish diagnostic markers and risk assessment criteria for oral health management in patients with thyroid disorders. Furthermore, the research proposes a framework for early detection and preventive care strategies tailored to endocrine-related oral health risks, contributing to improved long-term outcomes in dental and systemic health.