Navigating isolation: A systematic review of loneliness among people with disabilities

This systematic review explores the complex phenomenon of loneliness among people with disabilities, a demographic increasingly recognized for its unique emotional and social challenges. Loneliness, defined as a subjective experience of social isolation, significantly impacts mental health, leading to conditions such as depression and anxiety. The review synthesizes existing literature, highlighting that approximately 38% of PWD live alone, exacerbated by socioeconomic factors and barriers to social interaction. Various forms of loneliness—emotional, social, existential, and digital—are identified, each influenced by factors including stigma, accessibility, and personal circumstances. The findings reveal that PWD experience higher levels of loneliness compared to their non-disabled peers, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. The review emphasizes the intersectionality of age, gender, race, and culture, which shapes the experiences of loneliness in this population. Methodological gaps in current research, such as inconsistent measurement tools and limited qualitative studies, are also discussed. By addressing these gaps, this review aims to inform policymakers and community organizations, advocating for inclusive practices that enhance social connections and improve the quality of life for PWD. Ultimately, fostering awareness and understanding of loneliness in this group is crucial for developing effective support systems and promoting social inclusion. The review calls for further research to explore protective factors against loneliness and effective intervention strategies tailored to the diverse needs of PWD.