Modern vehicle security: Analyzing software vulnerabilities and protection mechanisms in connected cars

The rapid digitalization of modern vehicles has introduced significant cybersecurity challenges for the automotive industry. As vehicles evolve into sophisticated cyber-physical systems, the integration of multiple electronic control units and communication networks has created extensive attack surfaces requiring robust protection mechanisms. This technical document examines the landscape of automotive cybersecurity, focusing on vulnerabilities in-vehicle networks, emerging attack vectors, and defensive measures implemented by manufacturers. The findings highlight critical areas, including Controller Area Network security, firmware protection, secure over-the-air updates, and intrusion detection systems. Additionally, the document explores emerging technologies such as AI-based anomaly detection, blockchain implementations, and quantum-resistant cryptography, providing recommendations for enhancing automotive security posture through standardized protocols and comprehensive incident response mechanisms.