Pulmonary embolism and pneumomediastinum: Concomitant complications of pulmonary tuberculosis

The possible association between pulmonary embolism and tuberculosis (TB) infection has attracted growing interest among practitioners and researchers in recent years. Despite these efforts, pulmonary embolism is often under-diagnosed in patients with active TB. Although considered an uncommon phenomenon, pulmonary embolism appears to be a potential risk based on recent data. Similarly, although rare, pneumomediastinum can occur in patients with tuberculosis due to a variety of mechanisms. We present here the case of a young man presenting with respiratory symptoms, with no risk factors other than his smoking habit. This case report highlights the importance of considering these two complications in patients with tuberculosis. We hope that in the future, the management of tuberculosis will incorporate greater recognition of the associated risks, notably pulmonary embolism and pneumomediastinum.