The influence of work demands and individual characteristics on rotator cuff syndrome severity among palm oil workers

The palm oil industry is a vital sector of Indonesia’s economy, yet manual activities such as loading fresh fruit bunches (FFB) onto trucks pose a high risk for Rotator Cuff Syndrome (RCS). This study analyzed the effects of work-related factors and individual characteristics on RCS severity among FFB loading workers. A comparative quantitative approach was employed using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) questionnaire and non-parametric statistical analysis. Results showed that significant work-related factors included load weight (p=0.000), lifting frequency (p=0.011), and carrying distance (p=0.000), while working duration was not significant (p=0.058). Significant individual characteristics were smoking habits (p=0.010), age (p=0.000), work experience (p=0.000), and history of shoulder injury (p=0.000). In contrast, body mass index (p=0.177) and alcohol consumption (p=0.144) showed no significant effect. These findings highlight the urgent need for ergonomic interventions such as standardized lifting procedures, job rotation, active rest, solar-powered conveyors, and the use of supportive devices. Implementing these measures may reduce musculoskeletal risks and promote worker health in the palm oil industry.