Analysis of the risk of diabetes mellitus among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the working area of lepo-lepo public health center, Kendari City, 2025

Communicable diseases such as tuberculosis (TB/TBC) and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) represent a double burden in public health that requires an integrated approach. At Lepo-Lepo Public Health Center, TB cases fluctuate annually, while DM cases have increased significantly each year. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the risk of diabetes mellitus among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the working area of Lepo-Lepo Public Health Center, Kendari City, in 2025. This research employed a quantitative observational analytic method with a case-control design. The study population consisted of all patients recorded at BLUD UPTD Lepo-Lepo Public Health Center from January to September 2025. A total sample of 90 respondents was selected, comprising 30 cases and 60 controls, using total sampling for the case group and simple random sampling for the control group. Data collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The findings indicate that age significantly influences the incidence of DM among pulmonary TB patients (p = 0.000 < 0.05; OR = 19.421). Sex also shows a significant effect (p = 0.040 < 0.05; OR = 2.822), as do smoking behavior (p = 0.000 < 0.05; OR = 7.667), nutritional status (p = 0.020 < 0.05; OR = 3.208), history of diabetes (p = 0.044 < 0.05; OR = 2.852), and health literacy (p = 0.008 < 0.05; OR = 3.727). Among all variables, age is the most influential factor associated with DM incidence in pulmonary TB patients (p = 0.000 < 0.05; Wald = 14.611). In conclusion, age, sex, smoking behavior, nutritional status, history of diabetes, and health literacy all have significant effects on the incidence of diabetes mellitus among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. It is recommended that pulmonary TB and DM patients adhere to medication, maintain a healthy diet, routinely monitor blood glucose levels, avoid smoking, and consult healthcare professionals to obtain accurate health information related to pulmonary TB and diabetes mellitus.