Phyto-synthesis and characterization of iron-clay nanocomposite using Elaeis guineensis Leaves

This study presents an eco-friendly synthesis and comprehensive characterization of iron-clay nanocomposites (BFeCN) using Elaeis guineensis leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolics, facilitating the bioreduction of Fe³⁺ to zero-valent iron nanoparticles (FeNPs). The synthesized BFeCN was systematically characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis to determine its structural, morphological, and surface properties. The BET analysis revealed a specific surface area of 49.49 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.138 cm³/g, and a mesoporous pore size of 121.02 Å, indicating enhanced adsorption potential. The XRD analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of FeNPs within the clay matrix, with key diffraction peaks at 25° and 35.5° (2θ) corresponding to quartz and magnetite phases. The SEM image displayed a rough and highly porous morphology, corroborating the enhanced textural properties of BFeCN while EDX spectra validated the elemental composition, demonstrating a significant iron incorporation that improved adsorption and catalytic properties. These results underscore the potential of BFeCN in pollutant sequestration, offering an environmentally sustainable approach for water remediation and other nanotechnological applications.